At TRL, our forensic investigations are enhanced by the retrieval and analysis of digital data, offering clients reliable insights into how and why collisions occur. From cars and heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) to e-bikes and connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), modern vehicles capture critical data that can be pivotal in reconstructing incidents.

Crash data
Collison data including Event Data Recorders (EDRs) capture key information such as speed, brake application, seatbelt usage, and more in the moments before, during, and after a collision. TRL has played a significant role in shaping the international standards for such technologies, drawing on our long history of research and collaboration with global partners. Our team is experienced in using data retrieval tools to extract data from a wide range of vehicle makes and models. This information is then analysed and can be pivotal in determining the sequence of events.
Diagnostic & other data
Modern vehicles contain various diagnostic systems, which can record fault codes, engine performance metrics, and other real-time information. By examining these digital footprints, we can determine whether any mechanical or electrical issues may have contributed to a collision.
Tachograph data, especially relevant in commercial vehicles, reveals precise details about driver hours, speed, and rest periods. Such analysis can show whether driver fatigue or excessive speed played a part in an incident.
Telematics systems (black boxes) used for insurance or fleet tracking purposes, can log acceleration, braking patterns, GPS coordinates, and even driver behaviour insights. Collecting and interpreting this data helps reconstruct the sequence of events.
In addition to vehicle-borne data, devices such as GPS and cycle computers can confirm a cyclist’s speed and positioning on the road, providing invaluable evidence in collisions involving bicycles or e-bikes. The advent or wearable technologies, such as smart watches, can also provide additional sources of data which can be useful for collision investigation purposes.
Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs)
As transport technology progresses, connected vehicles, including those with advanced driver assistance systems, are increasingly taking to our roads. Whether a vehicle is considered a connected and/or autonomous vehicle is invariably related to how advanced the automated systems are. As systems become more advanced, there is less requirement for driver involvement.
At present, there are no full self-driving vehicles available to the public, but this is likely only a matter of time. TRL’s Smart Mobility Living Lab is a live testbed for CAVs, where we examine not only vehicle behaviour but also how these technologies interact with real-world traffic conditions. When collisions involve CAVs, our investigators can retrieve data from onboard sensors, cameras, and connected systems, such as smart infrastructure. This may reveal how automated driving functions or driver intervention, or lack thereof, influenced the collision.
Robust analysis for reliable outcomes
Recovering digital data is only the first step; expert interpretation and clear communication of findings are crucial. Our forensic investigators combine digital analysis with traditional collision reconstruction techniques, ensuring that all available evidence is evaluated comprehensively. Whether the case involves a high-value personal injury claim, a commercial dispute, or a complex scenario involving emerging transport modes, our data-driven approach provides a solid foundation for informed legal decisions.
Read our four news articles on the topic:
What is an Event Data Recorder?
Using EDR data to explain Sudden Unintended Acceleration (SUA) events